Dementia Alzheimers Disease and Care - 3637 Words

Dementia Writing a research paper is very difficult. Picking a topic is even harder. The topic I have chose to write about is dementia. Dementia is a chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes cause by brain disease or injury and marked by memory disorders, or personalities. This is a very personal topic for me. Researching this topic made me understand something that happen to me recently. My great-grandmother passed away May 21st, 2011. After ninety four years of a wonderful life she passed away. She was diagnosed with dementia two months before she died. You would never even think that she would have dementia. She never showed any signs of dementia besides the final days of her life. I feel like doing research on this topic†¦show more content†¦Sometimes Alzheimer’s disease and vascular disease can occur together. People who have dementing illness may also have other illness and can make them more vulnerable to other health problems. According to Web MD several things can cause dementia diseases that causes degeneration or loss of nerve cells. Diseases that affect blood vessels like strokes, toxic reaction like excessive alcohol drinking or drug use. Especially a head injury can cause dementia. Dementia usually occurs in a older age. It is rare in people under the age of 60. The risk of dementia increases as a person gets older. HIV can also be associated with dementia. HIV that cause aids can have a widespread affect of the brain and memory loss. This lead to the type of dementia that leads to impaired memory, apathy and social withdrawals. However, some aids drugs may help reduce the symptoms. As more people in our population live into later life it becomes crucial that we learn more about dementia. Already in the United States there are 6.8 million people living with dementia. There are 1.8 million severely affected. Women are more likely to get dementia than men. The reason why is because they live longer. The life expectancy of a person living with dementia is to live eight to ten years. Some may even live as long as twenty years. The most common symptoms of dementia are the following, memory loss, impaired judgement, inappropriate behavior, and loss of communication skills. There a many things that youShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Dementia And Alzheimer s Disease?1311 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is dementia and Alzheimer’s disease? Dementia is a disease that affects mental capabilities in which memory loss is one of the key features of this disease. Memory loss creates difficulty in completing every day tasks. Most people who suffer from the disease need assistance with their activities of daily living. Alzheimer’s disease accounts for 60% to 70% of cases of dementia. It is a long lasting neurodegenerative (progressive damage of the neurological nerve cells) disease that usually startsRead MoreThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease1677 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Alzheimer s disease (AD) is a slowly progressive disease of the brain that is characterized by impairment of memory and eventually by disturbances in reasoning, planning, language, and perception. Many scientists believe that Alzheimer s disease results from an increase in the production or accumulation of a specific protein (beta-amyloid protein) in the brain that leads to nerve cell death.† (Crystal). It is the most common form of dementia, accounting for 50 to 80 percent of dementia cases, andRead MoreEssay about Alzheimer’s Disease1159 Words   |  5 Pages Alzheimer’s Association (2010) explains that Alzheimer’s disease is a brain’s disease which affects the way people think, remember and behave. Finally, people living with Alzheimer’s do not know themselves; do not able to perform everyday activities, which means that they always have to be under control. All of these are caused by improper function of the brain. This disease leads to the death. Nowadays, the 7th cause of death in United States of America is Alzheimer’s disease. ThereRead MoreAnalysis and Description of Dementia Essay1741 Words   |  7 PagesDementia is characterized as a condition where the mental processes of cognition and memory start to deteriorate. It is described as a syndrome that hinders the daily lives of those who have it and is characterized by memory and thinking impairment. The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer’s Disease and the second most common is vascular dementia. Dementia is a syndrome occurring usually, but not limited, to people over the age of 40 and is due to brain damage caused by natural deterioratingRead MoreThe Origins And Development Of Dementia1431 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopment of Dementia Dementia is a disease that affects a vast number of Americans, and people worldwide. As people grow and live longer in today’s world the cases of clinical dementia are increasing. There are many causes of dementia, equally leading to different forms and symptoms of this disease. Most causes of dementia are known, and labeled in order to establish proper treatment. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, accounting for more than half of all people with dementia. TheRead MoreDementi A Chronic Disorder Of Mental Process Caused By Brain Disease Or Injury1024 Words   |  5 Pages Gray 1 INTRO Dementia is a chronic disorder of mental process caused by brain disease or injury. There are seven stages of dementia. In stage one, nobody has dementia. Stage two is when the person starts forgetting names and where familiar objects were left. Stage three, is difficulty concentrating and decreased work performance. By stage four, the ones diagnosed start to lose memory of recent events and have troubles of traveling alone to new locations. Stage five sometimesRead MoreThe Benefits Of Caregiver Information And Services In The Community1058 Words   |  5 Pageseducation and training programs, and support groups for caregivers. For caregivers who are separated from their loved one, for any reason, Senior Resources of Guilford has access to a program founded by the U.S. Administration on Aging called the Elder Care Locator. This program allows them to find caregiver information and services throughout the country. For those who do not have direct access to these programs, there ar e caregiver information libraries in Greensboro and High Point, which can provideRead MoreAlzheimer s Is A Difficult Disease1737 Words   |  7 PagesAlzheimer’s is a difficult disease for everyone to understand. This disease has diverse effects on each person diagnosed with it. Considering that the symptoms are similar to other diseases and syndromes, it may be hard to know the initial cause of the disease itself. Knowing if someone truly has Alzheimer’s only comes after the person’s death and an autopsy is performed on the brain. By better understanding the disease with information that we already have, it will help further assist alongsideRead MoreMemory Is Key For Self Identity And Well Being Essay1429 Words   |  6 Pagesto decay, so do their brains. Their body’s single most important organ, starts failing. And that disease is called Alzheimer’s, and it transforms the way someone sees the world around them. This thesis will explore the adap tation of the built environment to the failure of the human mind. How can we design something in response to the mind of someone with Alzheimer’s? An investigation of how this disease affect the brain and how aging plays a role in the deficiency of the senses. This thesis will delveRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : A Common Form Of Dementia1311 Words   |  6 PagesAlzheimer’s disease is a common form of dementia that affects the brain (Bethune, 2010). It affects millions of Americans and is one of the leading cause of death in the United States (Bethune, 2010). There is currently no cure for Alzheimer’s, however there is ongoing research on reducing the risk and how to cure the disease (Bethune, 2010, Baumgart, M., Snyder, H. M., Carrillo, M. C., Fazio, S., Kim, H., Johns, H. (2015). Understanding the best way to manage the disease and how to care for

Should the Drinking Age Stay the Same Free Essays

Madelene Radillo Enc 1101/ Research Paper Prof. John Colagrande Many people use alcohol to â€Å"loosen themselves up† in anticipation of having sex with a new partner. It is a commonly held a belief that alcohol is an aphrodisiac. We will write a custom essay sample on Should the Drinking Age Stay the Same or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since drinking alcohol can make people feel more comfortable engaging in sex it can lead to a one night stand, and a handful of sexually transmitted diseases. Sexually active teens and young adults have unprotected sex because they are under the influence of alcohol. Alcohol can make anyone become more sexual and do things that were not planned, which is a leading factor in teenage pregnancy. It is estimated that teenage girls who binge drink are up to 63 percent more likely to become pregnant. Another problem with drinking too much alcohol is that it can cause a blackout which may lead to a date rape. The victim has no recognition of what is going on in their surroundings and may go along with any scheme. As of April 2008 â€Å"more than 97,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 are victims of alcohol-related sexual assault or date rape each year. Also, among university students â€Å"over one-half of all sexual assaults are committed by men who have been drinking alcohol, while approximately 50% of victims also report alcohol use at the time of the assault† (www. collegedrinkingprevention. gov) Even with the drinking age being 21, there is a target market made to promote underage drinking. People tend to argue that if men and women are old enough to fight for their country then they should be old enough to drink. This may be true, but an 18 or 19 year old who has joined the military and been broken down, trained, and rebuilt almost always comes back different then when they came in. They are taught structure and discipline; two key factors that may be lacking in a regular civilian. Unfortunately, teens in today’s social environment tend to think that they are invincible and will do just about anything in order to fit in. The problem seems to be in their lack of guidance and or experience. Nowadays, children tend to find their morals in reality television shows and music videos, rather than in structured social environments (i. e. school, home, church etc. ). Teens and young adults (college students) are not ready to handle the responsibility that drinking entails or the repercussions that follow when too many drinks are put into the wrong hands. Lowering the drinking age will only add to the problem. How to cite Should the Drinking Age Stay the Same, Essay examples

Policy Report for National Security Agency - myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about thePolicy Report for National Security Agency. Answer: Problem Statement In the recent years, a noticed growth has been seen in electronic surveillance. A number of processes have been made automated and a lot of information, particularly big data, is disseminated through the internet. When it comes to Big Data, it is a key contemporary surveillance issue and there is a need to protect such data, as at majority instances, the same relates to sensitive information and also due to the high dependence on such data (Ferguson, 2017). Evidence The revelations about the National Security Agency back in 2013 by Edward Snowden, in addition to the complexities of the internet companies, coupled with the international controversies have provided an ideal segue to the contemporary problems of Big Data and surveillance. There has been a change in the attention from being over the C20th information technology and its networks, to the present Big Data. Through Big Data, some surveillance trends which are related to networks and information technology are intensified, which results in fresh yet fluid configurations (Lyon, 2015). This is done in three distinguished manners. The first one relates to the capacity of Big Data intensifies surveillance through expansion of analytical tools and interconnected datasets. This is in addition to the present dynamics of risk management, influence and control increase in the scope and speed by the use of new techniques, particularly when it comes to predictive analytics (Lyon, 2014). Secondly, even though Big Data deems to be about size, there is perceptibility of qualitative changes. The key trends in this regard relate to the public-private synergies, user involvement and faith in technology and these are persisting. And lastly, the ethics underpinned in this process become a key mode of criticism. The viewpoints associated with privacy are breached when it comes to surveillance as it uses the personal information of the users, which not only is an ethical breach but also a breach of moral, which has been given a legal structure (Lyon, 2014). Before an understanding is attained about the revelations of Snowden, certain key matters associated with Big Data surveillance have to be made clear. This would help in showing the manner in which the revelations of Snowden showed the dependence on the Big Data techniques, particularly since these have a huge impact over the very understanding of the present day surveillance. It cannot be denied that some of the revelations of Snowden involved targeting; however, the key focus of these remained on the Big Data techniques (Boersma and Fonio, 2017). But what is Big Data? Big Data is the capacity of searching, aggregating and cross-referencing large data sets (Boyd and Crawford, 2012). There are a variety of practices, softwares, ideas, techniques and metaphors which are bundled together in two deceivingly simple sounding words. The attempt here is to show that surveillance trends are intensified as a result of Big Data, particularly the ones associated with networks and information technology. Two key questions have to be answered here. The first one relates to the extent of Snowden disclosures which show that Big Data practices are very important to surveillance. This is answered from the queries regarding the practices associated with Big Data with regards to public concern and surveillance in the matter of activities of NSA which predate Snowden. Snowden just brought out something which already existed (Andrejevic and Gates, 2014). Secondly, since Big Data is gaining a lot of interest, how does it force chances in practices, policies and politics of surveillance? The revelations of Snowden were not a one off incident but instead were a regular and constant activity. He began by revealing that the NSA was using order from FISC, i.e., Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court in order to get the metadata from Verizon, which was a telecommunications giant, of the millions of phone calls of Americans (Greenwald, 2013). This was followed by the revelation that NSA was accessing the servers of key sites in a direct manner. These sites included Facebook, Google, Skype, Yahoo, Microsoft, YouTube and Apple (Gellman and Poitras, 2013). The revelations of surveillance practices by Snowden revealed that the governments of different nations were undertaking large scale monitoring of populations and also showed the manner in which this was being done. In words of Bruce Schneier (2013), metadata is surveillance. Even though Big Data is deemed as a breach of privacy by some people, the Snowden leaks cannot be deemed as any more ethical. The publicizing of such confidential information and Bulk Data was to distort the very purpose of undertaking Big Data surveillance. Key Issues Even though there have been people who oppose Big Data surveillance, the significance of the same cannot be denied. The problem here is not of the government collecting such data and using surveillance as a measure to track people. The issue here is of the revelations made through such releases. The issue here is of effective management of such disclosures in order to take timely actions to deal with such releases and to protect the information which is collected from such surveillances from different sources and for different reasons. The reason for undertaking Big Data surveillance is not something which has to be justified to the general public as the same is not undertaken as a means of breach of privacy but as a means of intelligence tactics indulged in by the government to protect the citizen (Yan, 2017). Big Data surveillance still raises a lot of concerns from the individuals. There are still a number of claims made against the government for permitting the data of individuals to be collected and analysed for the so called purpose of protecting the citizens. The breach of privacy is deemed as a key reason for the hue cry surrounding Big Data surveillance. Snowden deemed himself as a whistleblower, as he had raised the misdeeds of the government and the breach of privacy by the government. But his revelations highlighted a key issue linked with Big Data surveillance. In the name of whistle blowing, individuals have used the sensitive information and tactics used by government, which are used to protect the citizens, as a means of being global hero. This makes it all the more important for the governments to draw out such policies where the information collected, the manner of its collection and the other aspects associated with Big Data surveillance are properly protected (Cropf and Bagwell, 2016). Big Data surveillance is conducted to protect the citizens of the nation, by conducting surveillance where information is collected in discrete manner and the same is used to draw up proper strategies to keep the citizens safe from such incidents which harm them. The need for this is further increased in the present age where the instances of crime are increasing with the nation. The terrorist groups like the ISIS have moved on to radicalising of the youth against their very nation, which has resulted in recent attacks in USA, France, UK and other parts of the world (Williams, 2017). In the sense of protection of the people of the nation and even up to a certain extent towards social justice, there is a need for Big Data surveillance to be continued in a manner, where the same is not revealed by whistleblowers like Edward Snowden. Such incidents also increase the chances of the revealed information to be used by wrong outfits, thus putting the human rights of the people of a nation at threat. Agreed that the citizens have a right to be their privacy but this right is any day bigger than the right to live. And if this requires the use of Big Data surveillance, there is a need for the governments to indulge in it and also protect the information collected from such surveillances. At the same time, there is a need to pay heed to the genuine concerns raised by private sector groups that the use of Big Data surveillance needs to be undertaken only for the purposes of upholding human rights, social justice and safety of the citizens. There is a need to thus ensure that the Big Data surveillance is not used as a quest for control, which can easily take place in the present time, particularly due to the sensitive international relations across the globe. Recommendations The previous conducted discussion highlighted how Big Data surveillance has gained a lot of importance in the recent time period. However, the public revelation of the modes and information collected from Big Data surveillance has led to different issues being presented. Included in these were the breach of privacy, attaining equilibrium between security and quest for contract, and the need to protect the citizens. On the basis of the different issues discussed here, some recommendations have been drawn which can help in dealing with the issues raised above. There is a need to clearly demarcate to the citizens between what would be deemed as a rightful whistle blowing and a dissemination of confidential governmental information. This does not mean that whistle blowing has to be ended or that the same has to be punished. Instead, there is a need to bring out a forum where such issues can be raised in a confidential manner. And these forums can be linked to the courts, where they can decide in a fair manner if the particular information needs to be protected in terms of being sensitive towards protection of the citizens, or whether the same highlights the atrocities of the government and the misuse of power by office holders. There is a need to drawn out such policy which could regulate and protect information collected from Big Data surveillance, in addition to drawing out the manner in which Big Data surveillance can be conducted. This would help in drawing out a line being crucial data collection and the breach of privacy. There is also a need to invite views of the different private sector groups and even from the citizens with regards to their concerns surrounding privacy. Following this, a policy has to be chalked out which gives legal backing to Big Data surveillance, while at the same time, protecting the privacy of the citizens. This would help in stating what an acceptable surveillance is and what is not. As Big Data surveillance largely remains an automated process, there is a need to bring human element into it. This would help in ensuring that the boundaries of privacy are not crossed and at the same time the threat is not disguised as a need of privacy. So, both human and automation elements have to be combined in a manner to create algorithms and datasets to make the best use of this technique. A key step which needs to be taken in this regard relates to the misuse of the collected information. There is a need to ensure that when a citizens privacy is breached, it is done for justified reasons. Thus, there is a need to make certain that the collected information is safe. Another point which stems from the previous point is the information collected should be used for protection purposes, instead of using it as a means of waging war against an enemy or a not so friendly nation. References Andrejevic, M., and Gates, K. (2014) Big Data surveillance: Introduction. Surveillance Society, 12(2), pp. 185196. Boersma, K., and Fonio, C. (2017) Big Data, Surveillance and Crisis Management. Oxon: Routledge. Boyd, D., and Crawford, K. (2012) Critical questions for Big Data: Provocations for a cultural, technological and scholarly phenomenon. Information, Communication and Society, 15(5), pp. 662679. Cropf, R.A., and Bagwell, T.C. (2017) Ethical Issues and Citizen Rights in the Era of Digital Government Surveillance. Hershey, PA: IGI Global. Ferguson, A.G. (2017) The Rise of Big Data Policing: Surveillance, Race, and the Future of Law Enforcement. New York: New York University. Gellman, B., and Poitras, L. (2013) US, British intelligence mining data from nine US internet companies in broad secret program. [Online] The Washington Post. Available from: www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/usintelligence-mining-data-from-nine-us-internet-companies-in-broad-secret-program/2013/06/06/3a0c0da8-cebf- 11e2-8845-d970ccb04497_story.html [Accessed on 10/11/17] Greenwald G (2013) NSA collecting phone records of millions of Verizon customers daily. [Online] The Guardian. Available from: www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/06/ nsa-phone-records-verizon-court-order/ [Accessed on 10/11/17] Lyon, D. (2014) Surveillance, Snowden, and Big Data: Capacities, consequences, critique. Big Data Society, 1(2), pp. 1-13. Lyon, D. (2015) Surveillance After Snowden. West Sussex: John Wiley Sons. Schneier, B. (2013) Senator Feinstein Admits the NSA Taps the Internet Backbone. [Online] Schneier. Available from: https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2013/09/ [Accessed on 10/11/17] Williams, J. (2017) White American men are a bigger domestic terrorist threat than Muslim foreigners. [Online] Vox. Available from: https://www.vox.com/world/2017/10/2/16396612/las-vegas-mass-shooting-terrorism-islam [Accessed on 10/11/17] Ya, W.Q. (2017) Introduction to Intelligent Surveillance: Surveillance Data Capture, Transmission, and Analytics. 2nd ed. New York: Springer.

Why Is Nubia Unknown Essays - Nubia, Meroitic Alphabet, Alodia

Why Is Nubia Unknown? Nubian civalization lasted 4400 years so why is it unkown? There are several reasons some of wich include. The most significant reason is simple predijice. Another reason is it's isolation. Also we have yet to decipher Nubia's writing. Finnally many of the records we have of Nubia were written by it's enemys. It is almost always the conquerers who write the history. As a result many of the ancient records place Nubia in an unfair light, and are not very trustworthy sources. We know Nubian writing, developed in Mero sometime around 170 BCE, is alphabetic. We even know the sound values for each of the letters. However scholars are still unable to decipher the language. Nubia is very isolated geographicly. It is surounded by deadly desert. Cateracts block travle along the Nile river. Its only neighboring civalization is Egyt. Because of this isolation little was known of Nubia in anceint times, except fantastic legends of gold and wealth. By far the greatest reason for are lack of knowledge of Nubian civalization is simple pedjudice. As far back a Greek times the ?black? race has been seen as infieror, and thus unworthy of the attention of historians. Indeed there is little mention of Nubia in the written records of western civalization from the time it was Cristianized in the 6th century till the 19th. Because of this predjidce scholars regarded Nubian civalization as inferior, derived almost completly from the (?white?) Egyptian culture. This lead to claims as far fetched as (?white?) Libian decended kings ruling Nubia. The only reason Nubia began to get some atention by scholars was when dams threatened to flood unexcavated sites forever. Still as late as 1960 only one Americain scholar was working in Nubian study. Thankfully this trend is changing, and we are begining to get a more accurate, less predjudiced History

Trinity Community Hospital

Trinity Community Hospital Introduction In the past, Trinity Community Hospital has conducted community health needs assessment to establish health related needs of the community. The process entails continuous improvement of the plan depending on the dynamic nature of health needs in the community (Nardi Petr, 2003).Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Trinity Community Hospital specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After sometime therefore, there has emerged the need for appraising the initial assessment in order to improve the overall plan in line with the current needs of the patients within the community. This is a community health needs assessment that seeks to point out and discuss some of the major health risk factors of the community. Besides, the paper will elucidate on ways that Trinity Community Hospital is addressing the needs discussed. Finally, the establishment of the existing health gaps will provide an important background upon which health planners in the hospital will draw recommendations. Discussion: Major Health and Risk Factors Oncology Services It is apparent in the case study that there are major risk factors that impede Trinity Hospital’s ability to address the community health needs. First, there is an increased demand for oncology services across the entire community. Coupled with the fact that the seniors will constitute 15% of the entire community’s population, the demand is poised to rise dramatically. Besides, health experts estimate that cancer will develop amongst 50% of the male population throughout their lifetimes. For women, they have a slightly lower chance of developing cancer that stands at around 33%. Subsequently, there is an increased risk of more cancer patients in the immediate future leading to heightened demand for oncology services across the entire area. While the above figures reveal the increasing demand for the services, the existing facilities remain hugely unable to address the growing demand. The rationale is that different facilities that provide the services are unable to match the need for the services. The patients are increasing exponentially with a level that can rarely be addressed by the current capacity of health providers. This implies that in future, the community faces a huge risk where the number of patients will be so large that the facilities will be overwhelmed. In particular, the facilities to diagnose and treat cancer at an early stage have been unable to meet this demand.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sensitization and information dissemination has been ineffective with only few programs initiated to fulfill these goals. As such, lack of appropriate information regarding ways in which an individual can get early diagnoses creates a gap that further complicates the treatment procedure since the diagnosis is usually delayed. Besides, late cancer diagnosis stresses the capacity of the hospital’s facilities despite reduced probability for recovery and successful treatment. Orthopedic Services There is an increasing need for orthopedic services within the community. Orthopedic services include services that aim at treating the physical injuries such as spine and joints dislocations. At the outset, the community faces a surge in the numbers of people seeking both inpatients and outpatient orthopedic services. They include joint and spine procedures that estimates indicate that there will be a rise of 30% in the coming half a decade. Despite these numbers, the current facilities will not be able to meet the health needs of the community members seeking orthopedic services. This is in consideration of the fact that the financial resources at the disposal of hospitals are meager. Coupled with the inability of the hospital facilities to offer orthopedic services, the nu mber of physicians across the entire country can barely match that of patients. Such facilities as imaging equipment, surgical suites, physical therapy, and rehab facilities are apparently inadequate to cater for patients needs. This is not only in the community but also across the whole country. Besides, the existing services have deficiencies and are not effective, as the community would wish to see. Such professionals as patient care coordinators are lacking in many facilities leading to delays in scheduling of service provision. Finally, the community lacks information on the important aspects of orthopedic services. Ideally, there are limited numbers of educational programs that aim at enhancing knowledge on accident prevention, healthy lifestyles, service providers and the orthopedic procedures. Besides, the few available programs should target the elderly and majority of the people within the community that participates in the fitness activities and athletics. Cardiovascular services The rising demand for both orthopedic and oncology services imply that there is an expected increase in the demand for cardiovascular services within the community. An estimated rise of 21% in the rates of coronary artery diseases is apparent. Besides, the number of people seeking diagnostic cardiovascular services within the community is expected to increase by around 22% while angioplasties will increase by 25% within the same period.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Trinity Community Hospital specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Like in other primary services areas, there is the need for additional facilities and health care providers to deliver high quality services to the patients. The rationale is that the current resources and equipments are way below the demand for similar services. It would imply therefore that the community suffers inadequacies for cath labs’ services, surgical suites as we ll as the cardiac rehab capacity. The gap that health care providers should seek to bridge entails the provision of information on cardiac risk factors and information regarding healthy living and lifestyle. There is a noticeable lack of information in the community, which may predispose the people to cardiovascular diseases. This inturn may lead to an increased demand for the services more than before. Trinity Community Hospital and community Health Needs It is imperative to notice that the hospital has gone outside its way to address some of the needs of the community. Particularly, Trinity Community Hospital has increased its collaboration with oncologists that have received certification from the board. Although it lacks a formal oncology department, the hospital has attempted to address these needs by liaising with the physicians to treat and diagnose cancer. Nonetheless, the numbers of physicians that are available to meet all the demands of the patients are very few. In fact, a few cancer specialists have continued to maintain privileges in the hospital. Considering that the demand for health services continue to rise, there is the need for the hospital to increase its capacity to deal with the imminent increase in the number of patients seeking oncology services. Further, the hospital rarely meets the needs of the community members seeking orthopedic services. Like oncology services, there is no a formal department within the hospital that address the needs of the community. However, the hospital’s competitors who are located near the hospital’s orthopedic groups address the needs of the community. This makes it impossible for the hospital to have fulltime orthopedic specialists whose surgeries are occasional. It is therefore critical for the hospital to increase its activities especially those that relate to orthopedic operations within the area. Moreover, the hospital has not been proactive in making cardiology services available to the community. The hospital lacks any formal program that deals with cardiovascular diseases. It hugely depends on the consultancy services offered by four cardiologists who have limited roles. Their current roles include consulting for physicians in the aim of addressing the needs of the patients that are already admitted in the hospital.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apparently, the hospital lacks elaborate facilities and equipments that would provide cardiology services to the community. Trinity hospital has no a diagnostic â€Å"cath† and as such, it embarks on ordering noninvasive studies. They include echocardiograms, â€Å"holter† monitoring and stress tests. The community therefore fails to see the hospital as effective in addressing their needs that relate to cardiology services. The hospital has the ability of offering basic support services to the community. First, the hospital has over 20 operating rooms that include an Emergency Room (ER) services. Additionally, the physical and radiology services are readily available within the facility. For patients requiring orthopedic, oncology or cardiology services, the hospital is well equipped to offer support services although there remains a gap in the number of physicians and complex curative services. The major risk that faces the community involves the inability of the memb ers to access information that relates to many medical conditions. There is an information gap in the society. People lack the information that relates to diagnoses and treatment of cancer, injuries and cardiovascular diseases. The hospital still lacks an elaborate sensitization and information dissemination strategy through which members of the community can access most basic information mainly for preventive care. The hospital is yet to embark on a preventive care services that amplify the importance of early diagnoses of cancer, healthy living and services location. According to health care experts, an early diagnosis boosts the chances of the patient to access early treatment, which can be highly effective (Nardi Petr, 2003). In fact, it is dependent on the amount of information that community accesses. Similarly, preventive care would hugely focus on the health lifestyles and ways that people can minimize their risk factors. Finally, Trinity Community hospital also suffers imm ensely from diminished financial resources. To accomplish all its goals of providing health care services to the community, huge amount of finances is required. The financial constraints have resulted from high levels of competition from other hospitals within the community that are able to provide health care services comfortably as opposed to Trinity Community Hospital. Needs assessment plan and recommendations To address the needs of the communities effectively, it is important for Trinity Community Hospital to embark on a strategy that depicts both short term and long-term goals. First, there is the apparent need to include oncology services as short-term objectives. The number of people seeking such services has soared and the demand for such services is expected to rise exponentially in the period of five years. Hence, the group that is composed of both medical and radiation oncologists should be the key to developing an elaborate cancer program within the facility. This impli es that the hospital will be able to offer oncology services in the coming days without having to delay, as there are oncologists who have already expressed interest of affiliation. On the other hand, long-term efforts of establishing a cancer program ought to incorporate hospital’s oncologists and effective equipment that will go a long way in facilitating the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Second, orthopedic services are rarely offered in the hospital. The rationale has been that the hospital’s orthopedic groups are located within the same area as the competitors. To avert the risk of high competition, the hospital ought to establish these orthopedic branches across the community. This will reduce the risk of centralization of orthopedic services in one and the only branch. By decentralizing the services, the community will appreciate the hospital’s desire to address their needs since the branches will devolve the services (Bosworth, 1999). As a long-term measure of addressing community orthopedic services needs, the hospital ought to establish a program that will deal with all orthopedic issues within the community. It is apparent that the hospital lacks such a department. Third, the hospital needs to introduce a cardiology program, which is evidently lacking. Despite the hospital’s ability to have four cardiologists, their current roles are ineffective. As aforementioned, the cardiologists only consult on behalf of the inpatients only. As such, the hospital needs start a program that has well qualified cardiologists and increase their equipment to include diagnostic â€Å"cath† among many others. Besides, the hospital should be willing to ensure that it is able to conduct noninvasive studies instead of ordering services from other service providers. This will dispel the perception that the hospital is unable to provide high quality services in comparison with its competitors. Finally, all these programs should be focu sing on preventive care. As noted, there is an apparent information gap within the community. All the departments should engage in a rigorous activity of ensuring that information that relates to oncology, cardiology and orthopedic is disseminated to the community. Besides, there is the need for the community to embrace healthy living as the most important way through which their needs will be addressed. All these efforts will see the hospital increase its revenue base that has largely been constrained. As Bosworth (1999) elucidates, the hospital should be wary that the efforts require immense resources and the goals may not be realized in the immediate future. As such, there should be both short term and long-term goals in the strategy that will see the establishment of at least three programs. Summary Conclusively, Trinity Community Hospital is located in a society that has many health needs. Community health needs assessment elucidate the community has four major needs that the h ospital has failed to address. First, the society lacks access to oncology services that includes cancer diagnoses and treatment. Second, orthopedic services are offered in only one branch that fails to meet the needs of the community due to competition. Third, cardiology services remain elusive for the community. Despite the apparent lack for these services, demand for these services have increased exponentially and continue to increase. As a strategy, the hospital ought to establish departments that deal with these services. This will not only help in addressing the community needs but will play a big role in enhancing information dissemination in the society about preventive care. References Bosworth, W. (1999). Community Health Needs Assessment: The Health Care Profession’s Guide to Evaluating the Needs in Your Defined Market. New York: McGraw-Hill. Nardi, D. Petr, J. (2003). Community health and Wellness assessment: a step-by-step Guide. Boston, Massachusetts: Cengage L earning.

Chapters 17-22 Review

22: 17 The Bible encourages them to keep faith (Peter 1 3: 15). Our Greek word is here apolgia. In Paul's life, he met many people accompanying him. People will criticize with lies rather than facts. Paul always calmed down and answered in an orderly way. He did not attack them, but raised the fact. Rather than state the facts, how often will you attack this person. Paul kept him from repeatedly being beaten or killed as Roman citizen. On November 17, the Fordam United Senate the Student Government (USG) Senate and the Executive Committee approved a future section of the Palestinian Judicial Student (SJP). Student Dean Keith Eldridge reported to the members of SJP to review the status of the organization before obtaining certification and then choose to reject USG and denied SJP's approval on 22 December. Having a political goal for a specific group, targeting a specific country, Israel - Palestinian conflict often leads to polarization rather than dialogue. For credit fees, accordin g to the requirements of Chapter 4, Chapter 7, Chapter 4, and this section, the organization will conduct an administrative review of the accrued unit of the student and exclude the unit from 150% of the calculation. Government agencies can nominate staff for administrative review, create reports, or both. As long as students do not change their study plan or lose their excellent academic status, units excluded from administrative reconsideration will be excluded from the future semester. In this case, government agencies can reevaluate credits calculated and excluded through administrative review. If you reevaluate over 150% of the student's unit, the school should impose an extra unit. (A) Direct review - After administrative appeals review under paragraph (2), those applying for identity adjustment under paragraph (a) shall submit such rejection pursuant to Chapter 7 of Chapter 5 of the United States (B) Review after withdrawal of court proceedings - the Federal Court of Appeals performs a judicial review of the application for refusing to make an adjustment under (a) There is an order or exclusion, provided that the validity of the refusal is not denied in previous judicial proceedings of subparagraph (A) There are other legal requirements, but in order to consider such denial The standards shall be managed by subparagraph (C). Chapters 17-22 Review 22: 17 The Bible encourages them to keep faith (Peter 1 3: 15). Our Greek word is here apolgia. In Paul's life, he met many people accompanying him. People will criticize with lies rather than facts. Paul always calmed down and answered in an orderly way. He did not attack them, but raised the fact. Rather than state the facts, how often will you attack this person. Paul kept him from repeatedly being beaten or killed as Roman citizen. On November 17, the Fordam United Senate the Student Government (USG) Senate and the Executive Committee approved a future section of the Palestinian Judicial Student (SJP). Student Dean Keith Eldridge reported to the members of SJP to review the status of the organization before obtaining certification and then choose to reject USG and denied SJP's approval on 22 December. Having a political goal for a specific group, targeting a specific country, Israel - Palestinian conflict often leads to polarization rather than dialogue. For credit fees, accordin g to the requirements of Chapter 4, Chapter 7, Chapter 4, and this section, the organization will conduct an administrative review of the accrued unit of the student and exclude the unit from 150% of the calculation. Government agencies can nominate staff for administrative review, create reports, or both. As long as students do not change their study plan or lose their excellent academic status, units excluded from administrative reconsideration will be excluded from the future semester. In this case, government agencies can reevaluate credits calculated and excluded through administrative review. If you reevaluate over 150% of the student's unit, the school should impose an extra unit. (A) Direct review - After administrative appeals review under paragraph (2), those applying for identity adjustment under paragraph (a) shall submit such rejection pursuant to Chapter 7 of Chapter 5 of the United States (B) Review after withdrawal of court proceedings - the Federal Court of Appeals performs a judicial review of the application for refusing to make an adjustment under (a) There is an order or exclusion, provided that the validity of the refusal is not denied in previous judicial proceedings of subparagraph (A) There are other legal requirements, but in order to consider such denial The standards shall be managed by subparagraph (C).

Macroeconomics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Macroeconomics - Research Paper Example The fiscal policy should be used because it leads to increase in disposable income that translates to increase in demand for goods. It also leads to creation of employment translating to increase in consumption rate. Increase in demand eventually leads to enhanced economic growth (Sullivan & Sheffrin, 2003). Expansionary Fiscal Policy entails the government efforts to raise the aggregate demand. It thus involves raising the government expenditure and lowering taxes. This will have the effect of increasing the Aggregate demand and eventually lead to increased rate of economic growth. This can be illustrated by the equation and the graph shown below: (AD=C+I+G+X-M). This policy will also lead to the multiplier effect. When the government spends more, this money is transferred to the people. This means that when a person receives some money, he will spend part of it and maybe save the rest. The money will be transferred to another person who also does the same. Lowered taxes will increase the levels of disposable income which translate to extra spending and eventually higher economic growth. The multiplier effect has significant advantages to the growth of the economy because it leads to creation of employment and increased consumption (Gavel, 2012). When the government increases its expenditure, it implies that there is more activity both in the private and public sector leading to creation of jobs. For instance, if the government decides to spend more on the construction of roads, it means that more employees will be required in offering skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled labor (Gavel, 2012). It also implies that the new projects will require materials from different suppliers who have to raise their production levels. The raised production levels will need extra labor and more people will get jobs. As mention above, the multiplier effect leads to money reaching more people within the economy. These

Price vs Attributes Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Price vs Attributes - Annotated Bibliography Example Moreover, this article highlighted that the business professionals work to develop such strategic approaches and techniques, which are based on the notions of MNCs and that assist policy makers while making decisions concerning FDI and role of multinational organizations aiming to gain competitive advantage for the country. Concepts of MNCs help policy makers to develop attractive approaches for gaining FDIs. Researchers have noticed that positioning mapping techniques help identify and understand the viewpoints and concepts of the map managers belonging to different Southern European Countries including France, Spain, Italy, and Greece. This article insights the predicted ideal mix of these countries and the vital factors that contribute while MNCs examines a country’s position. The authors have also discussed those actions and strategies that should be adopted by a country to maintain its position for favourable FDI flow in the state resulting in a rapid growth of multinational companies. In this article, the author has shed light on the concepts and practices of marketing intelligence and planning. This article analyzes the factors, which should be consider foremost while making plans of pricing of global brands. In the light of author’s opinion, emerging technologies and scientific advancements in the field of business and marketing have created deep impact on structure and functioning of international market. Thus, before setting prices for the international products or services it is highly important to identify competitive forces in the market and other barriers of the international business environment. Surveys, samples, and examples from the industry help professionals to identify the market challenges and fundamental changes required to make during strategy management and implementation. This article argues that in some states

Grolsch Company Essay Example for Free

Grolsch Company Essay 1. Yes, several of the major players have been actively engaging in mergers and acquisitions, leading to a more concentrated market with larger market shares for the leading firms. 2. There is not a clear leader which absolutely dominates the industry. While Heineken is the leader in the international market, Bud (Light) leads total volume. There is also no core, the leading companies in international and total volume markets differ from each other. 3. In its process of expansion, Grolsch has engaged in both cooperation with local brewers, and direct shipping from domestic factories, depending on the markets demand. For markets such as the USA that valued originality, direct shipping was used. For others that did not hold an emphasis on this, joint venture options were explored to cut costs. 4. No, standardization is not increasing. Majority of Grolsch’s sales come from its Grolsch Premium Lager, with other variations such as Amsterdam beers. Packaging was not standardized around the globe, products shipped to different markets had country-specific labels. Grolsch is also priced differently in various markets, priced at a higher price in its domestic market. 5. It implies that minimum target should be to further enhance operations, increasing production and distribution efficiencies to achieve cost reduction in order to remain profitable. 6. Variation is quite large on cross-country markets. Grolsch is priced as a premium brand in non-domestic market and a mid range standard product in the Netherlands for Grolsch Premium Lager. Also, the different products offered in different regions also make them differ in profitability. For example, the home market that accounted for roughly 50% of sales in volume generated 65% of revenues with even higher EBIT. 7. Profits are most tightly linked with volume, with national sales as it is the most profitable providing the highest EBIT and lowest distribution costs. International sales have shown to be slightly less profitable but still important in overall profitability. 8. Price-sensitivity for beer is relatively low, with many competitors in the market so distribution on economic profits should lean more towards suppliers and complementors. 9. Labor took up approximately 15% of revenues compared to 4% to 6% on advertising. Hence, the industry Grolsch is in is most likely labor-intensive.

The Important Role of Transcendentalism in American History Essay

The Important Role of Transcendentalism in American History In 1830, a movement known as Transcendentalism began to gain popularity in America. Representing an idealistic system of thought, "strength, courage, self-confidence, and independence of mind"1 were some basic values admired by the followers of the Transcendental movement. Transcendentalists opposed many aspects of their government, where they felt "many unjust laws existed."2 Therefore, they became the leaders of many modern reform movements. Transcendentalists also had a major affect on their society. Transcendentalism became a "powerful force for democracy."3 Originating in the area in and around Concord, Massachusettes, Transcendentalism was recognized as having an "underlying relationship to the Romantic movement as a whole."4 Three of the most obvious or well known sources or origin of Transcendentalism are neo-platonism, German idealistic philosophy, and certain Eastern mystical writings which were introduced into the Boston area in the early nineteenth century."5 Transcendental beliefs focused on "the importance of spirit over matter."6 Ralph Waldo Emerson, a well known Transcendentalist, felt that "all men aspire to the highest, and most of them spend their lives seeking money and power only because they see nothing higher."7 Followers also believed in a spiritual hunger, or the need to find themselves one with the world. In addition, they believed in "an ascending hierarchy of spiritual values rising to absolute good, truth, and beauty."8 Transcendentalists also believed in a supreme being, the Oversoul, and felt that "if the Oversoul is all powerful and at the same time good, then evil does not exist."9... ...reconciled few of them."19 It was never united by a set program. Transcendentalism was comprised of the various interests and labors of many different personal concepts. Therefore, there were many conflicting values which made it an unsteady system to follow. At the time of the Transcendentalism movement, "it preached, practiced, an idealism that was greatly needed in a rapidly expanding economy."20 However, soon people began to find other, more comprehensible means of dealing within society. Therefore, they began to turn away from Transcendentalism. However, even though Transcendentalism is non-existent as a whole today, many of its ideas, values, and morals are still present in many of the religions and beliefs of today's society. In conclusion, Transcendentalism will always be present in the world, it just will not have as obvious a presence.

Hallas Company Essay

Hallas Company manufactures a fast-bonding glue in its Northwest plant. The company normally produces and sells 40,000 gallons of the glue each month. This glue, which is known as MJ-7, is used in the wood industry to manufacture plywood. The selling price of MJ-7 is $35 per gallon, variable costs are $21 per gallon, fixed manufacturing overhead costs in the plant total $230,000 per month, and the fixed selling costs total $310,000 per month. Strikes in the mills that purchase the bulk of the MJ-7 glue have caused Hallas Company’s sales to temporarily drop to only 11,000 gallons per month. Hallas Company’s management estimates that the strikes will last for two months, after which sales of MJ-7 should return to normal. Due to the current low level of sales, Hallas Company’s management is thinking about closing down the Northwest plant during the strike. If Hallas Company does close down the Northwest plant, fixed manufacturing overhead costs can be reduced by $60,000 per month and fixed selling costs can be reduced by 10%. Start-up costs at the end of the shutdown period would total $14,000. Since Hallas Company uses Lean Production methods, no inventories are on hand. Required: 1. Assuming that the strikes continue for two months, would you recommend that Hallas Company close the Northwest plant? Explain. Show computations to support your answer. 2. At what level of sales (in gallons) for the two-month period should Hallas Company be indifferent between closing the plant or keeping it open? Show computations. (Hint: This is a type of break-even analysis, except that the fixed cost portion of your break-even computation should include only those fixed costs that are relevant [i.e., avoidable] over the two-month period.) No, the company should not close the plant; it should continue to operate at the reduced level of 11,000 gallons produced and sold each month. Closing will result in a $140,000 greater loss over the two-month period than if the company continues to operate. Additional factors are the potential loss of goodwill among the customers who need the 11,000 gallons of MJ-7 each month and the adverse effect on employee morale. By closing down, the needs of  customers will not be met (no inventories are on hand), and their business may be permanently lost to another supplier.

Importance of International Finance

International Financial Management is unique primarily because the firm must deal in more than its own currency. [2] A multinational is a corporation that has operations in more than one country. [3] It is also called an International Corporation. It ordinarily consists of 1 parent company and about 6 foreign subsidiaries, typically with a high degree of strategic intervention between them. E. G. The Coca Cola Company is a multinational company, selling in more than 200 countries and having net sales of $7169 million in the 1st quarter of 2009. 4] Financial advantages of foreign operations An overseas market provides a larger market and thus, a potential increase in the sales of the firm's products. For some corporations, it might mean a fall in production costs if their opening a subsidiary in a country that offers cheap labor, raw materials or machinery. Also, instead of only exporting goods to other nations, once an NC starts operations in another country, the risk of detrimental laws restricting the sales of their products as well as an increase in the tax on their products, decreases considerably.Exchange rates and their effects An exchange rate is the expression of the value of one currency in terms of another amounts currency. [5] There are two ways of expressing this value: 1. Direct quotation: Domestic Currency / Foreign Currency 2. Indirect quotation: Foreign Currency/ Domestic currency The two methods are different ways of expressing the same thing. Throughout the project, ERE is quoted in direct quotation. Banks in most countries use a system of Foreign Exchange Market and its Fluctuations The volume of international transactions has grown considerably in the past 50-70 years.Trade and investment of this magnitude would be impossible without the ability to buy and sell currencies. The latter must be done for one currency is not the acceptable means of payment in all countries engaged in trade. The foreign exchange market is one of the largest in the world which facilitates the buying and selling of currencies, whose price is determined by the ERE. The market is over-the- counter, I. E. Trade is carried out using computer terminals, telephones, telecoms devices and SWIFT; an international banking communications network that electronically links brokers and traders.It is not confined to any one country but is dispersed throughout the leading financial centers of the world. Participants The major participants are large commercial banks that trade with one another, channeling most currency transactions through the worldwide interbrain market. Their transactions are conducted through foreign exchange brokers, who specialize in matching net supplier and demander banks. The brokers charge a brokerage fee and in return, offer anonymity to both parties and minimize the contact of banks with other traders.Small banks and local offices of major banks have lines of credit with large banks or with the home office. Customers deal with the b ank, which then makes use of the line of credit. Other players are brokers, international money centre banks, central banks of many countries, portfolio managers, foreign exchange brokers, hedgers, traders and speculators. Another actor in the market is the arbitrageur, who seeks to earn risk-free profit by taking advantage of difference in interest rates between countries and make use of forward contracts to eliminate ERE risk.If the value of home currency A decreases relative to the value of currency B, A is a weakening or depreciating currency and B is a strengthening or appreciating currency. ERE quoted indirectly will fall. For the importers of country A, ore of their home currency is required to purchase goods of country B. The vice versa is true for country B. Therefore, the attractiveness of a country's goods and services abroad is Judged by the relative values of the currencies of the importing and exporting countries. Types of Transactions 1 .

Mangrove Habitat Profile

Mangrove Habitat Profile Their unusual, dangling roots make mangroves look like trees on stilts. The term mangrove can be used to refer to certain species of trees or shrubs, a habitat or a swamp. This article focuses on the definition of mangroves and mangrove swamps, where mangroves are located and marine species you can find in mangroves.   What Is a Mangrove? Mangrove plants are halophytic (salt-tolerant) plant species, of which there are more than 12 families and 80 species worldwide. A collection of mangrove trees in an area makes up a mangrove habitat, mangrove swamp or mangrove forest.   Mangrove trees have a tangle of roots which are often exposed above water, leading to the nickname â€Å"walking trees.† Where Are Mangrove Swamps? Mangrove trees grow in  intertidal  or estuarine areas. They are found in warmer areas between the latitudes of 32 degrees north and 38 degrees south, as they need to live in areas where the average annual temperature is above 66 degrees Fahrenheit. It is thought that mangroves were originally found in southeast Asia, but have been disbursed around the world and are now found  along the tropical and subtropical coasts of Africa, Australia, Asia, and North and South America.  In the U.S., mangroves are commonly found in Florida. Mangrove Adaptations The roots of mangrove plants are  adapted  to filter salt water, and their leaves can excrete salt, allowing them to survive where other land plants cannot. Leaves that fall off the trees provide food for inhabitants and breakdown to provide nutrients to the habitat.   Why Are Mangroves Important? Mangroves are an important habitat. These areas provide food, shelter and nursery areas for fish, birds, crustaceans and other marine life. They also provide a source of livelihood for many humans around the world, including wood for fuel, charcoal and timber and areas for fishing. Mangroves also form a buffer that defends coastlines from flooding and erosion. What Marine Life Are Found in Mangroves? Many types of marine and terrestrial life utilize mangroves. Animals inhabit the mangrove’s leafy canopy and waters underneath the mangrove’s root system and live in nearby tidal waters and mudflats. In the U.S., larger species found in mangroves include reptiles such as the American crocodile and American alligator; sea turtles including the hawksbill, Ridley, green and loggerhead; fish such as snapper, tarpon, jack, sheepshead, and red drum; crustaceans such as shrimp and crabs; and coastal and migratory birds such as pelicans, spoonbills and bald eagles. In addition, less-visible species such as insects and crustaceans live among the roots and branches of the mangrove plants. Threats to Mangroves: Natural threats to mangroves include hurricanes, root clogging from increased water turbidity, and damage from boring organisms and parasites.Human impacts on mangroves have been severe in some places, and include dredging, filling, diking, oil spills, and runoff of human waste and herbicides. Some coastal development results in total loss of habitat. Conservation of mangroves is important for the survival of mangrove species, humans and also for the survival of two other habitats – coral reefs and seagrass beds. References and Further Information: American Museum of Natural History. What Is a Mangrove? And How Does it Work?. Accessed June 30, 2015.Coulombe, D. A. 1984. The Seaside Naturalist. Simon Schuster. 246pp.Law, Beverly E. and Nancy P. Arny. â€Å"Mangroves-Florida’s Coastal Trees†. University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service. Retrieved online October 17, 2008 (as of August 2010, the document appears to no longer be online).

Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Criminal Justice - Essay Example These children lack access to basic resources such as adequate food, basic health care, safe shelter and sufficient education to make them economically independent adults. Also children whose parents engage in crime and those who are neglected or constantly abused tend to become delinquents in comparison to other children. Another issue is youth violence. The widespread fear of crime in urban areas comes as a result of juvenile violence. Statistics show that between the period of 2005 to 2010 victimization rate, arrest rate, murder rates and homicides committed by juveniles between the ages of 15 to 16 shot up by more than 100 percent (Larry, 2006). The cause for this is increased involvement of youth especially African Americans in drugs trade. Since they cannot solicit for police protection, the youths acquire guns for protecting themselves and their valuable merchandise. The youth network through schools saw a proliferation of guns throughout a majority of youth community. Other than acquiring a gun for self defense, this habit also became a symbol of status. Finally, the issue of deterrence as mitigation to the fore stated problems is of paramount importance to CJA. Though deterrence works effectively among citizens with responsibilities, it is insufficient in instilling discipline in the impulsive, unsocialized and senselessly destructive people. The issues can be ranked in order of importance for a number of reasons, i.e. Deterrence, juvenile delinquency and youth violence. If administrators and public policy makers were to take the step of bringing parents into accountability then juvenile delinquency and youth violence would issues of secondary importance to CJA system (David, 2006). Apparently incompetent, rejecting parents who do not supervise their children and those who are abusive are to blame for the antisocial behavior of displayed by their children. Other risk factors for juvenile delinquency

Torts problem question Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Torts problem question - Case Study Example Driver's Duty of Care and Breach. In Nettleship v. Weston, [1971] 3 W.L.R. 370 citing Glasgow Corporation v. Muir [1943] A.C. 448, 457, it was ruled that "if a driver goes off the road on to the pavement and injures a pedestrian, or damages property, he is prima facie liable. Likewise if he goes on to the wrong side of the road. It is no answer for him to say: 'I was a learner driver under instruction. I was doing my best and could not help it.' The civil law permits no such excuse. It requires of him the same standard of care as of any other driver. 'It eliminates the personal equation and is independent of the idiosyncrasies of the particular person whose conduct is in question.' The learner driver may be doing his best, but his incompetent best is not good enough. He must drive in as good a manner as a driver of skill, experience and care, who is sound in wind and limb, who makes no errors of judgment, has good eyesight and hearing, and is free from any infirmity." (see Richley (H enderson) v. Faull. Richley, Third Party [1965] 1 W.L.R. 1454; Watson v. Thomas S. Whitney & Co. Ltd. [1966] 1 W.L.R. 57). Applying the same principle to the instant case, Anna must, whether or not she is driving a car or a bicycle or motorcycle, whether in a road, highway, street, or bicycle path in a local park, as a driver drive in as good a manner as a driver of skill, experience and care, sound in wind and limb, who makes no errors of judgment, has good eyesight and hearing, and is free from any infirmity. But Anna failed to exercise the duty of care incumbent upon her as a driver and a local park at that where it is expected that a lot of people and pedestrians would be walking about. In Eyres v Atkinsons Kitchens & Bedrooms Ltd., [2007] EWCA Civ 365, the judge found a driver liable in negligence for personal injury sustained in a road traffic accident because prior to the accident the driver had been exchanging text messages on his mobile phone, and that it had been the drive r's inattention through using his mobile phone that caused the accident. Likewise, in the case of R. v Payne (John), [2007] 2 Cr. App. R. (S.) 45, it was ruled that the driver was rightfully convicted because the driver allowed himself to be distracted whilst driving by using a mobile phone. (See also Robertson v Klos, [2005] HCJAC 136). In the case of Anna, she was driving with only one hand and using her mobile phone with the other. Hence, Anna was negligent in her driving and in breach of her duty of care as a driver. Causation. To be able to claim against Anna for personal injury and/or damage to property under the law of tort, it is imperative that causation must be established. There is causation when both factual causation and legal causation are present. Factual causation refers to the nexus between the defendant's action and the claimant's damage (the 'but for' test) while legal causation refers to the break or 'novus actus' in the chain of causation. Applying the 'but for' test applied by Lord Denning in Cork v Kirby MacLean [1952], and illustrated in Barnett v Chelsea and Kensington Hospital Management Committee [1969], Brian would not have suffered personal injury (significant cuts and a bad sprain to his ankle) and damage to property (his Walkman damaged beyond repair) but for failure of Anna to