Progress of Malaysian Women Free Essays

string(139) This examination is proposed to catch the accomplishments of ladies in education,health,economy, governmental issues and force sharing, and choice making. The Progress of Malaysian Women Since Independence 1957 †2000 Published by: Ministry of Women and Family Development Level 1-4, Block E Bukit Perdana Government Office Complex Jalan Dato’ Onn 50515 Kuala Lumpur Tel:03-29630095 Fax:03-26938498 E-mail:info@kpwk. gov. my Website:www. We will compose a custom exposition test on Progress of Malaysian Women or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now kpwk. gov. my With financing support from: United Nations Development Program (UNDP), Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei Darussalam Published September 2003 ISBN:983-41432-0-6 Printed by: Bar Code Design Network Copyright  © 2003 Ministry of Women and Family Development. Okay Reser ved. Solicitation for consent to republish any material ought to be coordinated to the Ministry of Women and Family Development. Substance EXECUTIVE SUMMARY FOREWORD CHAPTER 1 †INTRODUCTION I. Foundation II. Targets OF THE STUDY III. Strategy IV. Outline OF THE REPORT V. Sex AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING VI ADMINISTRATIVE MACHINERY FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF WOMEN VII. Legitimate STATUS OF WOMEN †Women under the Federal Constitution †Employment Legislation and Women †Other Laws Affecting the Status of Women VIII. End CHAPTER 2 †EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF WOMEN I. Presentation II. FORMAL EDUCATION †Enrolment in Primary and Secondary Schools †Female Enrolment in Technical and Vocational Education †Tertiary Education †Education Attainment of Rural Women †International Comparison in Educational Attainment III. NON-FORMAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING IV. FUTURE CHALLENGES V. Suggestions VI. End CHAPTER 3 †WOMEN AND THE ECONOMY I. Presentation II. Patterns IN WOMEN’S ECONOMIC PARTICIPATION †Women in the Labor Force †Employment Status of Women †Employment by Sector †Employment by Occupational Category †Potential Growth Areas: Women in Business and Professional Services Page vii x 14 16 17 18 19 23 26 27 28 30 33 34 37 39 42 43 47 50 51 53 54 55 56 61 64 The Progress of Women Since Independence III. IV. V. †Women Entrepreneurs: From Micro-Enterprises to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) FUTURE CHALLENGES RECOMMENDATIONS CONCLUSION 5 67 70 72 73 74 76 78 79 80 82 83 84 86 87 89 90 CHAPTER 4 †WOMEN AND HEALTH I. Presentation II. GENERAL HEALTH STATUS †Indicators of Health Status †Maternal Mortality †Nutritional Status of Women †Fertility Trends III. Regenerative HEALTH SERVICES †Family Planning †Antenatal and Postpartum Care †Management of Cervical and Breast Cancers IV. Wellbeing CONCERNS IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM †Health Needs of Older Women †Do mestic Violence †Mental Health †The HIV/AIDS Epidemic V. FUTURE CHALLENGES VI. Proposals VII. End CHAPTER 5 †WOMEN IN DECISION MAKING AND POWER SHARING 93 I. Presentation 93 II. Patterns IN LEADERSHIP AND POWER SHARING 94 †Political Membership and Leadership 94 †Political Candidacy 96 †Elected Offices and Appointments 97 †Representation in the State Assemblies 99 †Share of Leadership and Decision-Making Positions in the Public Sector 99 †Key Management Positions in the Public Sec tor 99 †Appointments in the Foreign Service 101 †Representation in Local Authorities 101 †The Grassroots Level 103 III. IV. V. †Management Positions in the Private Sector †Non-Government Organizations (NGO), Trade Unions and Cooperatives †Participation in NGOs †Participation in Trade Unions †Representation in Cooperatives FUTURE CHALLENGES RECOMMENDATIONS CONCLUSION 104 105 106 108 111 112 115 REFERENCES LISTS OF BOXES Box 1. 1. 2 1. 3 2. 1 3. 1 Titles Page Malaysia’s First Lady, Dato’ Seri Dr. Siti Hasmah bt. Mohd. Ali †An Inspiring Role Model for Malaysian Women 12 Definition of Discrimination 30 Selected Relevant Declarations and Action Plans Signed by the Government of Malaysia 31 Scaling Up Micro-Enterprises, Department of Agriculture 46 Datuk Muhaiyani Shamsuddin, Founder and Managing Director of Muhaiyani Securities Sdn Bhd and Deputy Chairperson of the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange 66 Dato’ Sharizat Abdul Jalil †An Advocate and Solicitor, an Eminent Corporate Figure and a Cabinet Minister 91 Tan Sri Datuk Nuraizah Abdul Hamid †A Woman of Distinction in the Public Service 113 . 1 5. 2 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2. 1 2. 2. 3 Title Page Primary School Enrolment by Sex, Malaysia,1957â€2000 34 Secondary School Enrolment by S ex, Malaysia,1957â€2000 35 Percentage of Males and Females in Primary and Secondary Schools, Malaysia,1957â€2000 36 2. 4 2. 5 2. 6 2. 7 2. 8 2. 9 2. 10 2. 11 2. 12 2. 13 3. 1 4. 1 4. 2 4. 3 4. 4. 5 4. 6 5. 1 5. 2 Number of Students Enrolled in Year Six to Form Five by Sex,1991â€1995 Enrolment in Vocational and Technical Schools by Sex, Malaysia,1957â€2000 Proportion of Female: Male Students in Vocational and Technical Schools, Malaysia 1957â€2000 Enrolment in Tertiary Institutions by Sex, Malaysia, 1957â€2000 Proportion of Males and Females in Tertiary Education, Malaysia,1959â€2000 Enrolment in Engineering Course, Malaysia,1991â€1998 Output of Graduates in Engineering, Malaysia,l991â€1998 Educational Attainment of Women by Stratum, Malaysia, 1970,1980 and 1991 Number of Students in Adult Education Classes by Sex, Malaysia,1958â€1967 Literacy Rate by Sex, Malaysia,1970â€2010 Percentage Distribution of Employed Persons by Occupation and Gender, Malaysia,1957â€2000 Maternal Mortality per 1,000 Live Births. 1956â€2000 Life Expectancy at Birth in Malaysia by Sex,1957â€2000 Number of Pap Smears Read by the Ministry of Health, 1982â€1998 Number of Reported Cas es of Domestic Violence, 1984â€1997 Number of Suicide and Self-inflic ted Injury Cases in Malaysia by Sex Number of Women Living with HIV and AIDS,and Deaths in Women from HIV/AIDS Percentage of Women in Elected Offices/Appointed Offices, Malaysia,1959â€2001 Women in Top Management in the Malaysian Foreign Service 1992,1994 and 1999 7 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 63 75 76 81 84 85 86 98 101 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I. Endeavors to produce more noteworthy sexual orientation uniformity have brought about Malaysian ladies accomplishing critical advancement in key financial zones since Malaysia picked up freedom in 1957. In any case, regardless of the advancement made, new worries on the job and status of ladies have developed that could antagonistically influence the support of ladies in the economy and social circles. Considering this, the Government of Malaysia, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) together attempted an investigation to report and assess the advancement of ladies in Malaysia during the period 1957â€2000. This investigation is planned to catch the accomplishments of ladies in education,health,economy, governmental issues and force sharing, and dynamic. Optional information from the Department of Statistics reviews and authoritative records from government offices and nongovernmental associations are utilized for the examination. The report for the investigation contains five sections, with parts 2 to 5 evaluating the advancement of ladies in explicit key regions while section 1 features the Government’s activities taken to propel ladies being developed. Improvement anticipating the progression of ladies was presented in the Sixth Malaysia Plan, which has a part on the advancement of ladies. The Sixth Plan and resulting plans contain systems to consolidate ladies during the time spent advancement in accordance with the goals of the National Vision Policy on Women (NPW). Evenhanded sharing of assets and access to open doors for people structures one of the destinations of the NPW. The definition and usage of an activity plan to operationalise the NPW during the Seventh Malaysia Plan brought about the execution of progressively lucid and centered projects to coordinate ladies being developed and hoist their status. Huge advancement has likewise been made in the setting up of the necessary institutional and regulatory apparatus to design, organize, actualize and screen the improvement of ladies. These incorporate the Ministry of Women and Family Development, the Department ii. iii. vii f Women Affairs (HAWA), the National Advisory Council for the Integration of Women in Development (NACIWID) and the National Council of Women’s Organizations (NCWO). Also, the authoriz ation of new laws and the constant survey and revision of existing enactment have been attempted to save, strengthen and ensure the rights and legitimate status of ladies. iv. Malaysian ladies have profited by expanded access to instruction and preparing as showed by the improvement in their proficiency rates and net enrolment at all degrees of training since 1957. The enrolment of female understudies at the essential level expanded by more than three and a half times during the period 1957â€2000. At the auxiliary level, the enrolment of female understudies expanded by in excess of multiple times to arrive at an absolute enrolment of 985,692 understudies in 2000. As to enrolment in specialized and professional schools the level of male understudies has consistently been higher than female understudies. The enrolment of Malaysian ladies in tertiary organizations mirrored the development of tertiary instruction in Malaysia, which has been slowly growing in all out number and relative terms, particularly after 1970. In 1959, female students included 10. 7 percent of the complete stu

John Steinbeck Essay -- essays research papers

John Steinbeck was conceived on February 27, 1902 in Salinas, California, a cultivating network with of around 2500 individuals. He was the third of four youngsters and the main child of John Ernst and Olive Hamiton Steinbeck. His sisters Beth and Esther were a lot more seasoned than John and he felt nearest to Mary, the most youthful. He spent his youth and pre-adulthood in the Salinas Valley, which he later called â€Å"the serving of mixed greens bowl of the nation.† John’s mother, Olive, was the little girl of Irish workers. She left her parents’ farm to turn into an instructor. John recalled his mom as lively and brimming with fun. He called his dad, conversely, â€Å"a uniquely quiet man.† Steinbeck’s father, likewise named John, functioned as the treasurer of Monterey County. He had picked a protected, down to earth course throughout everyday life, so as to help his family.      John delighted in writing since the beginning on. His mom read him the fantasies of Hans Christian Andersen, Robert Louis Stevenson, and the accounts of King Arthur.      John went to Salinas High School, an encounter he for the most part hated, yet one splendid spot in his secondary school carrer was his ninth grade English instructor, Miss Cupp. She respected the creations he composed and urged him to proceed with his composition. All through secondary school, John invested a large portion of his free energy composing stories in his room.      John moved on from HS in 1919 and afterward went to Stanford University. John needed to concentrate to be an essayist, yet his mom needed him to be something reasonable, similar to a legal advisor.      While going to Stanford University, John Steinbeck concluded that a degree was of no utilization to an essayist. Rather, he considered the things that intrigued him and would enable him to advance as an author. He examined writing, history, and old style Greek. He persuaded college authorities to let him learn human life structures close by the clinical understudies. Analyzing dead bodies would help him â€Å"know increasingly about people†, he clarified. Steinbeck’s exploratory writing instructor instructed him to compose stories that were â€Å"true.† She didn’t mean the occasions in the story needed to have really occurred, however rather the story and characters must reflect genuine human sentiments and clashes.      During his school years, Steinbeck worked at various occupations to help pay for his educ... ...gories including material science, science, physiology or medication, writing, harmony, and financial matters. The Prize is granted to the individuals who have made significant commitments to the â€Å"good of humanity.†      The Nobel Prize was the best respect of John Steinbeck’s life. His acknowledgment discourse finished up with the perception that â€Å"St. John the Apostle likely could be summarized: In the end is the Word, and the Word is Man- - the Word is with Man.†      After getting the Prize, John started having heart issues and he was moved to his home in New York. John Steinbeck kicked the bucket calmly on December 20, 1968, with Elaine lying next to him. He was 66 years of age.      As John Steinbeck experienced life in Ameria he recorded his perception, his happiness regarding life, and his confidence in human goodness. A few of his works are presently viewed as works of art. His books contrast in content and in structure, â€Å"Of Mice and Men† is like a play and â€Å"The Sea of Cortez† is a logical record. Be that as it may, Steinbeck composed the entirety of his books in view of a specific objective. As he clarified, â€Å"My entire work drive as been planned for causing individuals to see each other.†

Last-Minute Application Essay Edits from the Experts at CEA - College Essay Advisors Admissions Essay Experts

Last-Minute Application Essay Edits from the Experts at CEA - College Essay Advisors Admissions Essay Experts Last-Minute Application Essay Edits from the Experts at CEA Last-Minute Application Essay Edits from the Experts at CEA Are you coming down with something, or are college essays making you sick? Does the mere thought of reading over another draft make you nauseous? A normal medical doctor can’t help with these ailments, but without a quick shot in the arm, you and your essays could be in dire trouble. Luckily the specialists at College Essay Advisors have just the dose of inspiration you could be looking for. Call or message us today to book a College Essay Checkupâ„¢, and pick up a quick cure for grammatical mistakes, bandages for your structural issues, and maybe even a vaccination against boring opening sentences. One quick consultation with the essay doctor includes: A baseline checkup to identify content, structure and grammar issues, noted in handwriting that is far easier to decode than your average physician’s penmanship. A speedy phone diagnosis, explaining the checkup conclusions and highlighting areas of potential improvement. One quick follow-up scan to check your ensuing corrections. A lollipop for being such a brave patient. Contact us for a quote or call 347-927-9CEA (9232), and get on the road to essay wellness with CEA! Book Now. Need to start from scratch?  Take  our 3 hour  video crash course! Read our guide  to the 2015-16 Common App Essay. About Thea HogarthView all posts by Thea Hogarth »

The Three Strike Law Does It Actually Work Essay

The Three Strike Law: Does it Actually Work? By Marissa Smith United States throughout history has tried many different ways to deter criminals from committing crime. One of the more famous polices enforced was the Three Strikes sentencing laws, and other â€Å"get tough† approaches. In 1994, the Three Strikes sentencing law was first established (Couzens, J. Richards and Tricia A. Bigelow). The law stated that any defendant convicted of any new felony, having been convicted before of a serious felony to be sentenced to state prison for twice the term otherwise given for the crime. If the defendant was convicted of any felony with two or more prior strikes, the law mandated a state prison term of at least 25 years to life (Couzens, J. Richards and Tricia A. Bigelow). In California and Washington, the three strike law was adopted and in both states showed contradictive results. It has become a very controversial form of deterrence and is widely debated if the three strikes sentencing laws actually deter criminals from committing crimes. In several different states what actually counts as a strike against an offender varies dramatically (Clark, John). Violent felonies are typically counted as a strike offense; these include murder, rape, robbery, arson, aggravated assault, and carjacking (Clark, John). Although violent felonies are not the only offenses counted (Clark, John). In Indiana and Louisiana the sale of drugs can be considered a strike offense andShow MoreRelatedProblems with the Three Strikes Laws Essays1502 Words   |  7 Pagesmost controversial laws in the efforts to reduce crime has been the three-strikes laws that have been enacted. This law, which is already in twenty-seven states, requires that offenders convicted of three violent crimes be sentenced to life in prison without chance of parole. The law is based on the idea that the majority of felonies are committed by about 6% of hard core criminals and that crime can be eliminated by getting these criminals off the streets. Unfortunately, the law fails to take intoRead MoreCan Racial Profiling Be Justified1612 Words   |  7 Pages Can Racial Profiling in Law Enforcement Be Justified Cornelius Morgan CRJ 125: Criminology (W04) November 15, 2015 Abstract: In 1994 Polly Klaas was kidnapped from a slumber party at her home in California and later murdered by Richard Allen Davis who already had 2 prior convictions for kidnapping on his record. The public was outraged that a repeat offender was able to attack again. 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The drug trade in America simply continues to rise. The problem is that we are not fighting the war on drugs the right way. We have created laws that do not help the drug users with their addiction, in fact many actually make it more difficult for the drug addicts to start a new life. When a drug user is arrested he or she is often sentenced to prisonRead MoreThe Incarceration Of A Prisoner1464 Words   |  6 Pagesand educate the public about braking the law, yet many prisoners’ crimes are not met with equal sentences but too severe. America has high incarceration rates because of laws making it easy to get into prison, poor rehabilitation programs, and for the incarceration of people whom should not be. The purpose of laws in society is to provide guidelines by which citizens must live by. These guidelines are meant to protect everyone, yet sometimes these laws not only protect but over protect. For instanceRead MoreEssay on Prison Growth In American From 1970-20081674 Words   |  7 Pagesbehind bars; however just because there is an increase in the numbers it does not mean its due to an increase in crime. To further emphasize just how significant the growth is, the population in 1970 was around 300,000 but now the population in 2008 is over 2.3 million (BJS 2006). However there is not necessarily a parallel increase with crime; instead experts are putting the growth down to popular measures such as the three-strikes, truth in sentencing and broken window policies. Different statesRead MoreAgainst Mandatory Sentencing Debate970 Words   |  4 PagesA mandatory sentence is one where judicial discretion is limited by law; those convicted of certain crimes must be punished with at least a minimum number of years in prison. The most famous example of mandatory sentencing is the ‘three strikes and you’re out’ policy adopted first in California in 1994, and now more widespread in the USA. Three strikes laws require life imprisonment for a third criminal conviction, but other forms of mandatory sentencing are now being discussed and implemented

Anylitical Essay Topic the No.1 Ladies’ Detective Agency...

Alexander McCall Smith, the author of the award winning novel The No. 1 Ladies’ Detective Agency spoke in a recent interview in The Sydney Morning Herald (December 2006) about his famously optimistic views of Africa and its people. The works of many African authors express rather grim and bleak views in comparison to McCall Smith’s view. In a â€Å"Foreign Correspondent† interview McCall Smith says Botswana is a very beautiful country and that Africa transformed him into a best selling novelist and made him famous for his views on hope and optimism. There is a strong sense of family and community that gives cause for belonging, hope and optimism. McCall Smith creates hope and optimism in his novel through his characters and their events. The†¦show more content†¦He says of the white man He was a good man and he listened to me carefully when I told him that I would have to go. There was no other white man I could have spoken to like that, but he understood (McCall Smith 2003, 24) Obed also gives a sense of hope when a white man finally shakes hand with a black man ‘So I called him my brother, which is the first time I had done that to a white man’ (McCall Smith 2003, 25) showing that two races of people that have had so many transgressions in the past have now joined to give cause to optimism. Obed has had his life span shortened due to the fact that he is working in the mines and breathing in the dust has eaten away his chest. He is sad not for his own body but The only thing that makes me sad is that I shall be leaving Africa when I die. I love Africa, which is my mother and my father. I shall miss the smell of Africa (McCall Smith 2003, 15) McCall Smith shows that Obed is positive about living in Africa and he is a great example of optimism through his story. Mma Ramotswe is disappointed in her first month in opening her detective agency because she has a loss in profits but has hope that things will pick up for her. She has been given an opportunity when a very rich man, Mr Patel called her for a job ‘Mma Ramotswe was delighted when she received the telephone call from Mr Patel’ (McCall

Factors Affecting Sporting Performance Free Essays

Several factors affect our sporting performances, some of which are ‘natural’ factors, and some of which we cause. An example of a natural factor is our gender. We do not choose to be male or female and therefore it is something that occurs naturally. We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Affecting Sporting Performance or any similar topic only for you Order Now An example of a factor caused by ourselves is our diet- what we eat and drink. We can decide what we want to eat be it healthy or not healthy, the decision is ours. Age is a natural factor affecting performance. When you are very young, your bones and muscles are still growing and because your bones are still growing they are a lot softer than a fully-grown adults are. This helps young children to be very flexible and very supple, which in turn affects their performance. But being fully-grown in some sports is better than young and supple. Because adults are fully-grown, they are a lot stronger than a child is. All the muscles are developed properly and so in a sport such as cycling it would be an advantage to be a fully-grown adult than a developing child, whereas in gymnastics it would be an advantage to be very supple because of the certain exercises involved. Our gender affects our performance a great deal. A mans frame is generally wider and taller than a woman’s is. Women after they reach puberty develop wider hips which hinders their running ability, whereas a man develops larger muscles due to the increased level of testosterone in their bodies. Women generally have muscles smaller than a mans, so men have a head start already in any power sports such as weightlifting or sprinting which require a lot of physical strength. The size of your internal organs affects performance, in that if you have for example larger than average lungs, you can inhale an awful lot of air which contains oxygen, and so more oxygen can be sent to the muscles to keep them going for longer. Similarly if you have a healthy heart, it can pump the blood to your muscles quicker. And contained in the red blood cells is the oxygen that your muscles need to keep working. Having a healthy heart and large lungs can be a great advantage in an endurance sports event such as rowing or cross-country running. The use of drugs, banned substances, cigarettes and alcohol all effect the way in which we perform in sports. Drugs affect our performance in a positive way. They make us more alert, bulk up muscles and improve strength, increase speed and stamina, and get lots of oxygen to our muscles. Apart from cheating by taking drugs, they ruin our internal organs such as the liver and kidneys. In some cases drugs ruin your fertility because of the effect they have on the body. Cigarettes affect the way the heart and lungs work. The lung capacity of a smoker is considerably less than a non-smoker. Because the lung capacity is less than normal, this means that less oxygen enters the body and less oxygen goes into the red blood cells which are supposed to take oxygen to the muscles. Because of the lack of oxygen in the muscles, they can’t work as well as usual. And if the muscles aren’t working properly you can’t play any sport well. Alcohol slows down reaction time and de-hydrates the body. If your reactions are slowed down in a fast game such as squash, it is likely that you will lose because you have to be alert at all times and if alcohol is present in the body, your performance will be affected. Your diet is very important if you want to stay fit and healthy. If a professional athlete changed their diet to one with sweet and fatty foods it would affect their performance, because too much sugar and fat in the body is unhealthy and it makes you gain extra weight to carry around when you are in action. If the diet you currently have has too many bad things in it, it can start to strain your heart. If you have a very well balanced diet, which is full of fresh fruit and vegetables it keeps your body healthy and full of energy. Also, if your diet lacks a certain amount of sugar, you can have low energy levels which makes your body work slower and not up to speed. It is good to take certain vitamin supplements to make sure that your body is totally up to scratch and eating plenty of foods with iron and different minerals. Illness is quite a major factor in your sporting performance. If you have just started to recover from flu or a bad virus, your body will be very weak from fighting off the virus because lots of your energy is taken up by getting better, so if you went down to a football pitch and tried to play 90 minutes of football the chances are that your performance will be very poor because your muscles will be tired, you won’t be very alert and you will be fatigued and lethargic. An athlete who is clear from illness is far more likely to give a very good performance because they are fully fit, alert, and not tired. The environment makes a difference in most outdoor sports. Athletes who train at high altitude have an advantage, because there is a higher level of oxygen in the air and so more oxygen gets into the blood and to the muscles so they can keep going for longer in for example a marathon run or rowing. A high level of pollution in the air also means that there is difference in oxygen level, but instead of being higher like in high altitude, it is lower due to the impurities in the air. If there is less oxygen, less can be brought into the body, and so the muscles don’t receive the necessary oxygen, so they can’t work as well. The weather also makes a difference in performance outdoors. During a sprint race, if there is a wind blowing towards the athletes, it will be harder for them to run at a world record pace, because they have to work harder to run into an opposing force. Heat affects sprinters as well, if it is too cold, their muscles sometimes are not warm enough, so they could get injured or pull a muscle. If it is warm or even hot when they are running, their bodies and muscles will already be warm and ready to go, so when they are running, their muscles will be working at their best. Your lifestyle is a very important to keeping fit and healthy. A good active lifestyle will result in a healthy body. If you do plenty of exercise and eat healthily you can train for a sport easier, and your body has already set the foundations to keeping fit and keeping up with training. If you get little exercise and stay indoors most of the day, your body will be used to not doing anything too energetic, so if you suddenly go out and do an intense training session the chances are that your body will not be able to cope. How to cite Factors Affecting Sporting Performance, Papers

Physical Fitness Essay Example

Physical Fitness Essay Physical fitness is a general concept defined in many ways by differing scientists. Here two major categories are considered: general fitness (a state of health and well-being), and specific fitness (a task-oriented definition based on the ability to perform specific aspects of sports or occupations). Physical fitness is generally achieved through correct nutrition, exercise, hygiene and rest. Components of Health Related Fitness; Cardiovascular Endurance: is the ability of the heart and lungs to work together to provide the needed oxygen and fuel to the body during sustained workloads. Examples would be jogging, cycling and swimming. The Cooper Run is used most often to test cardiovascular endurance. Muscular Strength: is the amount of force a muscle can produce. Examples would be the bench press, leg press or bicep curl. The push up test is most often used to test muscular strength. Muscular Endurance: is the ability of the muscles to perform continuous without fatiguing. Examples would be cycling, step machines and elliptical machines. The sit up test is most often used to test muscular endurance. Flexibility: is the ability of each joint to move through the available range of motion for a specific joint. Examples would be stretching individual muscles or the ability to perform certain functional movements such as the lunge. The sit and reach test is most often used to test flexibility. Body Composition: is the amount of fat mass compared to lean muscle mass, bone and organs. This can be measured using underwater weighing, Skin fold readings, and bioelectrical impedance. We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Fitness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Fitness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Fitness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Underwater weighing is considered the â€Å"gold standard† for body fat measurement, however because of the size and expense of the equipment needed very few places are set up to do this kind of measurement. Components of Skill Related Fitness; Agility: The ability to rapidly and accurately change the direction of the whole body in space. Balance: The ability to maintain equilibrium while stationary or moving. Coordination: The ability to use the senses and body parts in order to perform motor tasks smoothly and accurately. Power: The amount of force a muscle can exert. Reaction Time: The ability to respond quickly to stimuli. Speed: The amount of time it takes the body to perform specific tasks. Rafaela Casandra R. Dantes. (Bachelor of Arts in Communication) Assignment in Physical Fitness 1) Show the difference of aerobics and anaerobics Aerobics is a form of physical exercise that combines rhythmic aerobic exercise with stretching and strength training routines with the goal of improving all elements of fitness (flexibility, muscular strength, and cardio-vascular fitness). It is usually performed to music and may be practiced in a group setting led by an instructor (fitness professional), although it can be done solo and without musical accompaniment. With the goal of preventing illness and promoting physical fitness, practitioners perform various routines comprising a number of different dance-like exercises. Formal aerobics classes are divided into different levels of intensity and complexity. Aerobics classes may allow participants to select their level of participation according to their fitness level. Many gyms offer a variety of aerobic classes.